ABSTRACT
Aims At the time of publication, there was limited evidence on outcomes of breastfeeding mother-child dyads on breastfeeding after COVID-19 vaccination. The aim of this study is to systematically quantify the incidence of local and systemic adverse events in lactating women and their children to allow clinicians to appropriately counsel lactating women on the risks-benefit ratio of WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccinations. Methods A cross sectional survey was conducted from 14th August 2021 to 5th January 2022 in Singapore and Malaysia. Data including demographic information, maternal and child symptoms, and vaccine history were collected through an online questionnaire. The survey was distributed online through social media and advertisements. Women more than 21 years of age who received at least one dose of the WHOapproved COVID-19 vaccines Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Sinovac while pregnant or lactating were eligible for the survey. Results Responses of 2043 breastfeeding mothers were analysed. 1747 mothers received mRNA vaccines and 296 mothers received non-mRNA vaccines. Overall in terms of maternal reactogenicity, 79.3% and 79.5% of mothers reported any reactions to the first and second dose respectively, primarily local reactions (64.1% dose 1, 57.0% dose 2). 91.8% of mothers breastfed their child uninterrupted after receiving the COVID-19 vaccination. 89.2% of breastfed infants had no symptoms reported following maternal COVID-19 vaccination. More than half (54.8%) of lactating respondents reported no change in milk supply or production. Among those experiencing changes in lactation, symptoms lasted for an average of 4.2 +/- 6.9 days. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the vaccine resulted in minimal disruption of lactation or adverse impact on the breastfed child in mothers receiving COVID-19 vaccination. Breastfeeding mothers may experience a change in breast milk supply when receiving COVID-19 vaccinations, which may be mitigated by proactive measures to ensure adequate rest and hydration. There is minimal severe reactogenicity with COVID-19 vaccination in lactating motherchild dyads.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic most certainly impacted the mental health of healthcare professionals in Malaysia. Aim: The aim of our research is to assess the mental health of house officers in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic and to compare this with the pre-pandemic times. Method: 122 house officers from 28 hospitals in Malaysia were recruited into the study and completed an online questionnaire of their demographics, including the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 items (DASS-21), Satisfaction with Life Scale and Brief Resilience Scale. Results: Results showed that depression (36.1%), anxiety (33.7%) and stress (23.8%) were all prevalent among house officers with depression being the most prevalent among the three. Majority of the house officers were slightly satisfied with life (30.3%) and most of them had normal resilience (71.3%). Discussion: We compared our study with 5 other studies from 2010 to 2017 and found similar prevalence in depression, anxiety and stress except for the study in 2017 which showed overall prevalence in depression, anxiety and stress. 8.2% of our subjects recorded extremely severe depression, which is almost twice as much as the two studies we have for comparison. Conclusion: Housemanship training in Malaysia is indeed a stressful period for junior doctors especially in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. More support systems should be made.
ABSTRACT
One of the significant limitations in human behaviour when receiving online information is our lack of visual cognitive abilities, the ability to pay greater attention in a short time. The question arises about how we handle online messages, which contain and send people with the same associated interests as ourselves, regarding social influences and individual beliefs. This study aims to provide some insight into misinformation sharing. The availability of enormous amounts of COVID-19 information makes the selectivity of messages likely limited by the distortion of perceptions in the communicating environment. It is also in line with the fact that human attention is essentially limited and depends on the conditions and tasks at hand. To understand this phenomenon, we proposed a Tuning Attention Model (TAM). The model proposes tuning and intervene in a user's attention behaviour by incorporating an attention-based design when users decide to share COVID-19 misinformation. In pilot study results, we found that attention behaviour negatively correlated with misinformation sharing behaviour. The results justify that when attention behaviour increased, misinformation sharing behaviour will decrease. We suggest an attention-based design approached on social media application's that could intervene in user attention and avoid selective exposure caused by the spread of COVID-19 misinformation. The study expected to produce continuous knowledge leading to non-coercive handling of sharing COVID-19 misinformation behaviour and laying the basis for overcoming misinformation issues.
ABSTRACT
We conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (CRD42020183500). We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure using search terms neonate, pregnancy, COVID-19, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2 and similar variants until 23 May 2020. Studies reporting mothers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and whose newborns were tested by RT-PCR were included. Seventeen studies (two studies in Chinese language) were included, with mean quality assessment score of 5.29 based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Four hundred and two COVID-19-positive mothers delivered 405 newborns, of which 330 newborns underwent early RT-PCR tests. Nine of 330 newborns tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The average pooled incidence of vertical transmission was 16 per 1000 newborns. Therefore, current evidence shows that the risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is low. One of the nine newborns had elevated IgM antibodies and was symptomatic at birth which suggested intrauterine infection. This is supported by reports of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid and fetal side of the placenta. On the placenta, the expression of ACE2 acts as the receptor for cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, vertical transmission can occur during vaginal delivery through contact with virus present in mother's stool.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic changes to activities in teaching activities. This research was specifically conducted to determine the state of student burnout caused by online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the students’ burnout from level of education and duration daily online learning during COVID-19 Pandemics. School Burnout Inventory (SBI) were distributed among 2.310 students and analyzed using crosstabs analysis and also two ways ANOVA. School Burnout Inventory (SBI) was distributed among 2,310 students who conducted an online survey using the google form application. The data were analyzed using crosstabs analysis and two ways ANOVA. The findings showed that most students at the junior high school (49.9%), senior high school (52.8%), and university (43.8%) levels had online learning duration between 1 and 3 hours per day. The findings of this study also indicated that there is a difference in the interaction between education level and duration of daily online learning at the level of burnout (F (8, 2295) = 2.47, p <0.05). This research has implications for guidance and counseling services for students during the pandemic and the new-normal COVID-19. © IEOM Society International.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has become a health threat around the world. Mask deficiency can be expected during a pandemic infection. The stability of viruses at different temperatures and relative humidity was assessed according to the type of contaminated surface material. With increasing temperature, the permanence of viruses decreases, and in proportion to the increase in temperature should not be damage to the quality of objects. Solar disinfection is one of the new methods of using renewable resources. By designing an integrated solar drying system with the phase change material, the internal temperature of the system reaches 54 °C in April and the masks are disinfected with 3036 Wh/m2 internal cumulative solar radiation. By using the appropriate equipment in the system, the temperature difference inside and outside the system was reached 30 °C. A correlation coefficient of 95% in the MATLAB confirmed that the curve fit was good. The main purpose of this research is to identify appropriate solutions for disinfection and consultation with scientific literature. The results showed that the most appropriate hygienic and economical disinfection method was the use of solar energy. © 2021 Published by Semnan University Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
World has experienced a new potent challenge in the shape of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rapid screening and detection of infected patients is important step in fighting against this disease, so that proper measures can be taken to stop it from further spreading. Majority of the countries who have been successful in controlling the disease, have done it through effective early detection. The same factor is very evident in the countries where COVID-19 has gone out of control that they were or are not successful in early detection of suspected patients. This paper presents an artificial intelligence-based approach to provide new screening approach to detect COVID-19 from X-ray images. More than thirty-five thousand local/international negative and positive corona X-ray images were obtained to train VGG-16 model. Proposed method has two classifiers, first classifier distinguishes between negative cases and other infected cases, second classifier identifies pneumonia and other infected cases. These other infected cases will be recognized as COVID-19. Experimental evaluation on different X-ray imaging were conducted where this method classified positive and negative cases very effectively. A comparative study with publicly available network such as COVID-NET is also carried out. Proposed method outperformed COVID-NET in all three major areas such as overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Overall accuracy for our technique is 95.08%, while sensitivity and specificity values are 100% and 93.15% respectively, while overall accuracy, sensitivity, specificity values for COVID-NET are 52.36%, 86.79% and 27.39% respectively. © 2021 IEEE.